Ask the Doctor: Dr. Garth Garramone

A: Colon cancer screenings are most often recommended to begin at age 45. Though, with a family history of colon cancer or polyps, this may come at an earlier age.

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in America — in both men and women. It’s caused by polyps, small growths that can develop in the colon. Polyps are initially benign, but can transform into cancer in 3 to 10 years if not removed. Polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy, thus preventing the development of colon cancer.

For those with average-risk, a colonoscopy is generally recommended every 10 years. However, the frequency can vary based on individual risk factors, such as a family history of colorectal cancer, and the results of previous colonoscopies

There are other non-invasive screening tests that can be performed in patients who do not wish to have a colonoscopy. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a stool test that usually is performed once a year and can be ordered by your primary care physician. You can also have a stool DNA test (the box). This is ordered by your physician and sent to your home to complete. This is usually done every 3 years. However, if these tests are positive, you would be required to have a colonoscopy.

The take-home message is to get screened. Colon cancer is common but preventable.